Comparative Analysis of Mono Crops and Diversified Crops in the South-Western Region of Bangladesh: Production, Profitability, and Input Efficiency

Abstract

This study compares mono-cropping and diversified cropping systems in South-Western Bangladesh, focusing on productivity, cost efficiency, profitability, and resource utilization. Primary data was collected from 200 farmers across Kushtia, Jhenaidah, and Meherpur districts, employing a mixed-method framework that integrates the Cobb-Douglas production model, cost-benefit analysis, and marginal efficiency evaluation. Key findings indicate that labor, land preparation, seeds, irrigation, pesticides, and fertilizers all significantly boost output in both systems, with labor costs being the most impactful. While mono-cropping achieved a better statistical fit (Adj. R² = 0.918) compared to diversified cropping (Adj. R² = 0.712), the latter proved more profitable. Diversified systems yielded a benefit-cost ratio of 1.88, far surpassing mono-cropping’s 1.22, highlighting greater economic returns. Input efficiency analysis revealed underutilized resources (r > 1) in diversified farming, suggesting room for increased output, whereas mono-cropping exhibited inefficiencies, particularly in seed usage (r < 1). These results emphasize diversification’s economic and environmental benefits, including higher income stability, climate resilience, and risk mitigation. To encourage adoption, policymakers should prioritize access to quality inputs, farmer training, improved irrigation, and tailored credit programs. Such measures could accelerate sustainable agriculture, food security, and rural prosperity in Bangladesh.